Grassroots of Digital Europe

Zotero Library

ZOTERO LIBRARY

Our Zotero library on Creative Computing Cultures is a curated collection of academic resources, including journal articles, books, and reports, that explore the intersections of computation, creativity, and digital culture.

This library is designed to support researchers, students, and practitioners interested in topics such as digital media, computational methodologies, creative coding, and human-computer interaction. The library is administered by Kieran Nolan (kieran.nolan@dkit.ie).

1. Creative Computing Communities

a.) Chiptune
4956462 EGAEAS2H 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Carlsson, A. (2010). Power Users and Retro Puppets. A Critical Study of the Methods and Motivations in Chipmusic [MA thesis, Lund University]. http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=24965&postid=1662548
Driscoll, K., & Diaz, J. (2009). Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes. Transformative Works and Cultures, 2. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2009.096

b.) Machinima
4956462 JJ2HE597 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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c.) Retrocomputing
4956462 89BV9SN2 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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2. Cracking, Demoscene and Piracy
4956462 C7SZWRKP 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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3. Computing Histories
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a.) Computer Clones
4956462 G9FI4Z39 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Marques, I. da C. (2005). Cloning computers: From rights of possession to rights of creation. Science as Culture, 14(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430500110887
McKernan, B. (2019). Digital Texts and Moral Questions About Immigration: Papers, Please and the Capacity for a Video Game to Stimulate Sociopolitical Discussion. Games and Culture. (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA). https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412019893882
Merriam-Webster. (2020, March 29). Clone. Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/clone
Milivojevic, D. R., Pavlov, M., Despotovic, V., & Tasic, V. (2012). Half a Century of Computing in the Serbian Copper Mining and Metallurgy Industry. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 34(3), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2012.2
Nooney, L. (2020). The Uncredited: Work, Women, and the Making of the U.S. Computer Game Industry. Feminist Media Histories, 6(1), 119–146. https://doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2020.6.1.119
Page, J. (2008). The Engineer’s Tale: The Founding of Software Publishing Corporation. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 30(2), 68–70. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2008.31
Partridge, C. (2008). The Technical Development of Internet Email. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 30(2), 3–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2008.32
Partridge, C., & Blumenthal, S. (2006). Data Networking at BBN. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 28(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2006.7
Phillips, T. (2015). “Don’t clone my indie game, bro”: Informal cultures of videogame regulation in the independent sector. Cultural Trends, 24(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2015.1031480
Preston, F. S. (2003). A 1965 era spreadsheet. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 25(4), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253894
Ristanović, D., & Protić, J. (2012). Once Upon a Pocket: Programmable Calculators from the Late 1970s and Early 1980s and the Social Networks Around Them. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 34(3), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2011.63
Saarikoski, P., & Reunanen, M. (2014). Great Northern Machine Wars: Rivalry Between User Groups in Finland. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 36(2), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.20
Saarikoski, P., & Suominen, J. (2009). Computer Hobbyists and the Gaming Industry in Finland. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 31(3), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2009.39
Sachs, J. (2007). Recollections: Developing Lotus 1-2-3. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 29(3), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2007.4338441
Scull, J., & Hsu, H. (2019). The Killer App ThatSaved the Macintosh. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 41(3), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2019.2918094
Sikora, M. (2019). Cooperating with Moscow, Stealing in California: Poland’s Legal and Illicit Acquisition of Microelectronics Knowhow from 1960 to 1990. In C. Leslie & M. Schmitt (Eds.), Histories of Computing in Eastern Europe (Vol. 549, pp. 165–195). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29160-0_10
Sippl, R. (2013). Informix: Information Management on Unix. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 35(2), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2012.53
Stachniak, Z. (2003). The making of the MCM/70 microcomputer. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 25(2), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2003.1203059
Stachniak, Z. (2010). The MIL MF7114 Microprocessor. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 32(4), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2009.62
Stachniak, Z. (2014). Early Commercial Electronic Distribution of Software. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 36(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2013.55
Stachniak, Z. (2015). Red Clones: The Soviet Computer Hobby Movements of the 1980s. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 37(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2015.11
Sumner, J. (2007). What Makes a PC? Thoughts on Computing Platforms, Standards, and Compatibility. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 29(2), 88–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2007.30
Tinn, H. (2011). From DIY Computers to Illegal Copies: The Controversy over Tinkering with Microcomputers in Taiwan, 1980–1984. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 33(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2011.38
Trimble, G. R. (2001). A brief history of computing. Memoirs of living on the edge. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 23(3), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/85.948905
Usselman, S. W. (1996). Fostering a capacity for compromise: business, government, and the stages of innovation in American computing. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 18(2), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1109/85.489748
van Roessel, L., & Katzenbach, C. (2020). Navigating the grey area: Game production between inspiration and imitation. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 26(2), 402–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856518786593
Wasiak, P. (2013). Computer Dealer Demos: Selling Home Computers with Bouncing Balls and Animated Logos. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 35(4), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2013.16
Zielinski, S. (2006). Deep time of the media: toward an archaeology of hearing and seeing by technical means. MIT Press.
Zielinski, S., Wagnermaier, S., & Custance, G. (Eds.). (2005). Variantology 1: on deep time relations of arts, sciences, and technologies. Walther König.
Interview with Charles Bigelow. (2018). IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 40(3), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2018.033841116

b.) National Computing Histories
b.1) Brazil
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da Costa Marques, I. (2015). Brazil’s Computer Market Reserve: Democracy, Authoritarianism, and Ruptures. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 37(4), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2015.53
b.2) Bulgaria
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Petrov, V. (2023). Balkan Cyberia. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262545129/balkan-cyberia/
b.3) China / Hong Kong
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Batiz-Lazo, B., & Smith, A. (2016). The Industrial Organization of Hong Kong’s Progression Toward a Cashless Economy (1960s-2000s). IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 38(2), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2016.15
Maier, J. H. (1988). Thirty Years of Computer Science Developments in the People’s Republic of China: 1956-1985. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 10(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10003
b.4) Czechia and Slovakia
4956462 4WZZPZVN 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.5) Finland
4956462 C4K28U6D 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Saarikoski, P. (2004). Koneen lumo: mikrotietokoneharrastus Suomessa 1970-luvulta 1990-luvun puoliväliin. https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/55764
Saarikoski, P., & Reunanen, M. (2014). Great Northern Machine Wars: Rivalry Between User Groups in Finland. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 36(2), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.20
b.6) France
4956462 55HAKF42 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Hurel, P.-Y. (2023, August 30). The Archives of Romandie’s Computerization: the case of the “Computer” trade show [Billet]. Confoederatio Ludens. https://chludens.hypotheses.org/544
Hurel, P.-Y. (2023, April 19). DAI in the French magazine “Tilt”: what a limited corpus tells [Billet]. DAI-Ving into the Past. https://dai.hypotheses.org/1
Mailland, J., & Driscoll, K. (2017). Minitel: Welcome to the Internet. MIT Press.
b.7) Germany
4956462 W75GI6YV 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.8) Hungary
4956462 QK9Q97ZW 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.9) Japan
4956462 5UVY3V9K 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Hensch, K., Igi, T., Iwao, M., Oda, A., & Takeshita, T. (2005). IBM History of Far Eastern Languages in Computing, Part 3: IBM Japan Taking the Lead, Accomplishments through the 1990s. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 27(1), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2005.11
b.10) Poland
4956462 CEN2376D 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.11) Regional Studies
4956462 FU6FHF6Y 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.13) Sweden
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b.14) Taiwan
4956462 WEP28ICV 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Lin, L.-F. (2016). Design Engineering or Factory Capability? Building Laptop Contract Manufacturing in Taiwan. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 38(2), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2015.73
Tinn, H. (2011). From DIY Computers to Illegal Copies: The Controversy over Tinkering with Microcomputers in Taiwan, 1980–1984. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 33(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2011.38
b.15) Turkiye
4956462 H7R3FT3P 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Saka, E. (Ed.). (2019). Türkiye İnternet Tarihi: V. Alternatif Bilişim Derneği. https://ekitap.alternatifbilisim.org/ymc5_turkiye_internet_tarihi.html
Süngü, E. (2019). A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO GAMING SUBCULTURE IN TURKEY [PhD, İstanbul Bilgi University]. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ertugrul-Suengue-2/publication/354631427_A_historical_approach_to_gaming_subculture_in_Turkey/links/61bf22384b318a6970f12090/A-historical-approach-to-gaming-subculture-in-Turkey.pdf
b.16) United Kingdom
4956462 Y8DKE7ZS 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.17) United States of America
4956462 PIFDHTP4 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.18) USSR / Russia
4956462 9UBDQTXB 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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b.19) Yugoslavia
4956462 34MPE37S 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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ex-YU Racunalniska Scena. (n.d.). Retrieved http://retrospec.sgn.net/users/tomcat/yu/index.php

4. Pre-Internet Networking Technologies
4956462 LVCXF9NW 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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5. Education
4956462 GPZG9EDP 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Baxter-Webb, J. (2015). How Geek Kids Get Geek Jobs: A Cross-Generational Inquiry into Digital Play and Young Adults’ Careers in IT [PhD diss., Canterbury Christ Church University]. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14694/
Ensmenger, N. L. (2001). The “Question of Professionalism” in the Computer Fields. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 23(4), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1109/85.969964

6. Game Studies
4956462 95IE6JPJ 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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7. Gender and Computing
4956462 J5PVCL6C 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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8. Science and Technology Studies
4956462 NBUXIF7E 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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9. Silicon Dawn Chapters

Chapter 02
4956462 HPDEZG58 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 03
4956462 873K3SUB 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 04
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Chapter 05
4956462 VZ9T5BN6 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22VZ9T5BN6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-10-25T13%3A19%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
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Chapter 06
4956462 3A3K6IPD 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 07
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Brown, P. (2008). From Systems Art to Artificial Life: Early Generative Art at the Slade School of Fine Art. In P. Brown, C. Gere, N. Lambert, & C. Mason (Eds.), White Heat, Cold Logic: British Computer Art 1960–1980. The MIT Press.
Crossman, L., Bancheri, C., Fifield, G., & Sebring, E. (2019). Fire and Light: Otto Piene in Groton (1983–2014). Fitchburg Art Museum.
Frazer, H. J. (2008). Interactive Architecture. In P. Brown, C. Gere, N. Lambert, & C. Mason (Eds.), White Heat, Cold Logic: British Computer Art 1960–1980. The MIT Press.
Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3).
Ketner II, J. D. (2017). Witness to Phenomenon: Group ZERO and the Development of New Media in Postwar European Art. Bloomsbury Press.
Manning, J. (2011). Conversations with Otto Piene & John Powell.
Manning, J. (2011). Otto Piene: SKY EVENT MIT 2011. https://vimeo.com/313736003
Piene, O. (1968). The Proliferation of the Sun.
Piene, O., & Russett, R. (2008). Sky, Scale and Technology in Art. Leonardo, 41(5).
Sprüth Magers. (2024). Otto Piene: The Proliferation of the Sun. https://spruethmagers.com/exhibitions/otto-piene-the-proliferation-of-the-sun-los-angeles/

Chapter 08
4956462 BKUAZBTS 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 09
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Chapter 10
4956462 2VWQEH4V 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 11
4956462 BZMTYG2Z 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 12
4956462 MSTPBDRR 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 13
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Chapter 14
4956462 6RX479L6 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 15
4956462 YNNXA88Q 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 16
4956462 N2HW3GN8 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 17
4956462 86RABFUV 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 18
4956462 5H22RQE6 1 apa 200 creator asc 8272 https://costgrade.eu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Chapter 19
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What is COST?

European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

COST Action CA21141

COST Action CA21141 seeks to foster a better understanding of the role of grassroots digital movements related to creative computing across Europe and to develop an integrated approach to its study.

GRADE focuses on user communities, their interaction with state and European-level policies, and the preservation of digital cultural heritage.

Action Details

Grant Number: 055/22
Grant Holder: University of Turku, Finland
Memorandum of Understanding
Action Duration: 27/10/2022 – 26/10/2026
Contact: info@costgrade.eu

What is COST?

COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

https://www.cost.eu

COST Action CA21141

GRADE aims to foster a better understanding of the role of grassroots digital movements related to creative computing across Europe and to develop an integrated approach to its study.

https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA21141/

ACTION DETAILS

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